Review of the Child Protective Services Investigation Process Essay Example for Free

Review of the Child Protective Services Investigation Process Essay In the beginning of 2004, the tragic death of a young boy in San Antonio, TX raised concerns about Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services (TDPRS) procedures relating to the investigation of the child protective services (CPS) process, including responding to telephone reports and assessing the risk of maltreatment accurately. TDPRS is currently under investigation ordered by the Governor, Rick Perry. The Governor stated, there is enough evidence from various parts of the state to suggest that some of our most vulnerable children are not receiving the protection they need from abusive situations. The evidence leads me to believe we have a systemic breakdown in the safety net that must protect abused children (www.governor.state.tx.us July 1, 2004). This paper examines current procedures in the investigation process and provides recommendations for improvement related to several of the details and feature of the operations process. Reinventing government initiatives draw heavily on supply chain management, total quality management, business process reengineering, and just-in-time delivery concepts that fall under the Operations Management umbrella.(Chase, 2003). Because this review is narrowly focused on the CPS investigation process, there are several essential elements of child welfare services that are not addressed in this paper, including substitute care and permanency services. OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONAL AREAS The overall goal of CPS is to protect the unprotected children from abuse and neglect. This report focuses on specific CPS functions and crosscutting themes. These functions are those that comprise the child protection response to allegations of abuse and neglect. Operational definitions described in this report include: * Screening and Intake the process by which CPS receives a referral and a report concerning allegations of child abuse or neglect, and decides whether or not to respond to the referral and report. * Investigation the process by which CPS determines whether child maltreatment has occurred or if a child is at risk of maltreatment, and the decisions and actions that are needed to ensure the childs safety. * Other CPS Response and Alternative Response a response to an allegation of abuse or neglect that assesses the needs of the child or family with or without requiring a determination that maltreatment has occurred or that the child is at risk of maltreatment for the purpose of providing the family with services. For each function, there are several different features. The workflow of these functions is described in Table 1. SCREENING AND INTAKE Receiving community referrals, which includes those from mandated professional reporters and the population at large, is the gateway to CPS. Features of the intake procedures include the availability to receive reports, methods for documenting reports, and timeframes for accepting and forwarding a report. Intake is available 24-hours a day 7 days a week, and centralized in Austin, TX. Referred reports are generally categorized into two groups. In the first group, CPS caseworkers are dispatched immediately for children believed to be in imminent risk of harm. In the second group, investigations are usually initiated within 10 days. The policies indicate that a decision protocol for forwarding cases for investigation. The hotline workers conduct quality assurance (QA) reviews on each case and decision to forward a case to investigation is made with supervisor approval. In case of sexual abuse and serious abuse, the case must be notified to law enforcement. INVESTIGATION The investigation function addresses the process of determining whether a child has been maltreated or is likely to be maltreated, and if services are needed to ensure the child will not be harmed in the future. TDPRS implemented the use of risk and safety assessment (IRA) as tools to guide decision-making as to when and how to intervene to keep children safe in the immediate future and to reduce long-term risk. The result of IRA was included at case closure, during case planning at any major decision point, or whenever circumstances suggest a childs safety is at risk. Investigators usually check if the childs family has had a prior validated report of abuse or neglect. Investigators then visit and interview the family, including initiating face-to-face contact with the children, and begin collecting information about the alleged maltreatment incident. If an investigator, during the initial investigation, believes that a child has been maltreated and needs the court to protect the childs safety, the investigator must initiate judicial oversight of the case, which can be time-consuming and complicated. While the investigator is following the procedures involved in investigating the alleged maltreatment, he or she is also developing a tentative plan to address those conditions in the home that CPS believes contributed to the maltreatment of the child. This plan ultimately becomes the case plan that outlines treatment services for the child and the family. The plan described what actions are required of all the parties involved to correct the condition that caused the maltreatment. OTHER CPS RESPONSE AND ALTERNATIVE RESPONSE The overall goals of alternative response are to provide a response option to those families whose situations did not meet the mandate or criteria for CPS involvement, to serve low-risk or low-severity situations, or to improve family situations. This is to emphasize partnering the families with the community and creating a network for the family, protect children and assist parents to recognize and remedy conditions harmful to their children, provide preventive services before the need of CPS involvement is required, and prevent the family from potentially being re-referred. The causes of child abuse and neglect are complex, and a case plan can involve referrals to an array of individuals, including caseworkers from other units in the agency, private service providers such as mental health and counseling professionals, other public agencies such as housing and transportation services. CURRENT WORKFLOW Documenting business process flows visually not only helps in ISO and QS initiatives, but it is the first step toward continuous improvement. (Gould, L. 2000) A good way to start analyzing a process is with a diagram showing the basic elements of a process (Chase, 2003) Table 1 describes the overview of current workflow from the time the report of maltreatment was reported to CPS until the completion of the investigation. Table 1 UNDERLYING PROBLEMS Because child protection is a critical service and because of the seriousness consequences of errors, CPS must seek to insure the quality, timeliness, and accuracy of the process both through detailed specifications (laws, regulations, and policy) and thorough supervisory oversight. However, the process must be balanced with systems that give workers and supervisors sufficient flexibility to apply sound professional judgment. Increases in the number of maltreatment cases, the changing nature of family problems, and long-standing systemic weaknesses have placed the CPS system in a state of crisis and undermined its ability to fully carry out the responsibilities for abused and neglected children. First, child maltreatment reports have risen steadily across the state. The caseloads of CPS have grown correspondingly, and CPS cannot keep pace with this workload. Second, these caseloads are increasingly composed of families whose problems have grown more troubling and complicated, with substance abuse a common and pervasive condition. Finally, systemic weaknesses, such as difficulty maintaining professional and skilled workforce, inconsistently implementing policies and procedures, and poor working relationships with outside resources has created a long-standing problems. The combined effect of difficult caseloads and systemic weaknesses may endanger the lives of children coming to the attention of CPS. In CPS, the staff sometimes deal with life-and-death issues, the knowledge of and consistent application of appropriate policies and procedures are critical. However, CPS staff is unable to consistently apply existing policies such as inadequate safety assessment. This is because policies change frequently, no procedures manual exists, and information is inconsistently distributed to all staff. By necessity, CPS should work efficiently and effectively with outside resources to protect children. However, the outside resources, like CPS, also face problems associated with the large volume of increasingly complex cases, budget cuts, and Medicaid reform. Unnecessary time spent to transfer or refer cases diverts the investigator from performing investigative activities on other open cases and create congestion in workflow. COMPARE AND CONTRAST WITH OTHER PRACTICE In 1994, Missouri developed a new strategy to handle the overwhelming number of reports coming into its CPS system. Missouri recognized that state government, acting alone, had neither the resources nor the local community, neighborhood, or family base to effectively alter the cycle of abuse and neglect. The agency and local CPS offices have turned to the broader community of churches, schools, mental health providers, and others to expand their reach. By developing partnerships with these community groups, CPS is able to quickly increase the number of people available to serve children and their families, without increasing CPS staffing levels. The model in this state is also based on the premise that not all CPS cases require the same traditional approach. Instead, the models incorporate a flexible response, whereby CPS cases can be grouped according to the nature of the allegation, recognizing that different types of allegations required different responses. RECOMMENDATIONS Build Community Partnership Different types of maltreatment require dramatically different prevention and treatment strategies. It is critical for CPS to form partnerships between CPS and community service providers. This will allow the cases to be referred and transferred more smoothly and in a timely manner. However, ultimate success will depend on the CPS staffs ability to overcome certain challenges, such as developing willingness within the community to become more active in protecting children from maltreatment and to adapt to new roles and responsibilities. Refine the Key Performance Requirement Key Performance Requirements How to Achieve These Requirements Report Receipt (Intake) * Community awareness of when and how to report * Minimal wait to reach the intake workers * Effective use of the CAPS (agency computer system) * Enhanced phone system that provide real time information, manage call distribution to available workers, and support estimation of staffing requirements Screening * Immediate response to high risk situations * Reasonable timeliness of decisions on other situations * Sound screening decisions * Screening guidelines that provide consistent direction * Immediate access to relevant information system * Real-time consultation from experienced supervisors Assessment (Investigation) * Sufficient thoroughness; reasonable and prudent efforts made to obtain relevant information * Timeliness of decisions * Decisions consistent with information and with policy * Assessment guidelines that provide consistent direction * Assessment timeliness requirements that balance thorough information gathering with responsiveness * Reasonable caseloads and adequate number of staff * Accessible consultation from experienced supervisors Management Reporting * Information that enables management to make sound judgments regarding overall performance and other matters, such as staffing requirements * Information that enables supervisors to manage caseloads and monitor quality and timeliness * Use of the information to identify targeted improvements where needed * Real-time information about on-going cases * Reports on both the detailed (by worker) and summary (by unit) level on caseloads and case status (pending, deadlines, overdue, etc.) * Reports of quality assurance findings * Designation of specific performance measures that will be tracked and monitored with comparisons across local offices * Management reports on overall program performance including workload, timeliness, quality assurance results, investigation outcomes, list of outside resources, etc. CONCLUSION TDPRS is facing increased reports of child abuse and neglect, as well as a disturbing increase in the number of families with severe and multiple problems. The burden to improve the ways CPS responds to children at risk of abuse and neglect falls on state and local governments. When a process is operating at capacity, the only way to take on more work without increasing the waiting time is add more capacity (Chase, 2003) CPS management must recognize that the traditional approaches to child protection cannot keep pace with the demand for services. CPS needs to reach out to communities to establish partnerships among service providers, as well as our citizens. Furthermore, the CPS management team must look at the entire workflow of the operations process and recognize long-standing systemic problems. It is critical to seek ways to correct deficiencies and to build and maintain the personnel that will support the operations management strategies. REFERENCES: Chase, R. (2003). Product design and process selection. Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Chase, R. (2003). Operations strategy and management change. Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies. www. tdprs.state.tx.us www.governor.state.tx.us Gould, L. (2004) Designing a better business. Gardner Publications, Inc. Retrieved from www.autofieldguid.com on 8/23/04 McDonald W. (2001). National study of child protective services systems and reform efforts Literature review. Retrieved from www.aspe.hhs.gov.hsp/protective01/ on 8/22/04. http://www.gao.gov/archive/1997/he97115.pdf

The Dominican Republic, and its owner, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Essay

The Dominican Republic, and its owner, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo All throughout the 20th century we can observe the marked presence of totalitarian regimes and governments in Latin America. Countries like Cuba, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic all suffered under the merciless rule of dictators and military leaders. Yet the latter country, the Dominican Republic, experienced a unique variation of these popular dictatorships, one that in the eyes of the world of those times was great, but in the eyes of the Dominicans, was nothing short of deadly. Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, or â€Å"El Chivo†, controlled the people of the Dominican Republic in a manner that set him apart from the other leaders of that time. By controlling every aspect of the country’s economy, he controlled the people, by controlling each individual’s income and their jobs, he controlled their lives. (Sagas, 173) It is true that from the outside it may appear that the economy was getting better in the Dominican Republic, but the problem was that all of the enterprises and businesses were directly or indirectly owned and controlled by Trujillo himself, not the government. Building bridges, making better roads, and establishing monuments were Trujillo’s ideas as to how to make the Dominican Republic a better place. (de Besault, N/A) True that these things made the Republic more appealing and made transportation better, but the inhumane methods Trujillo employed to maintain his complete and utter control of the people completely ove rshadowed any positive things that he may have done. This previously inexistent economy is what allowed Trujillo to attain and strengthen his power in the Dominican Republic. Oddly enough, the same peo... ... In addition to being powerful, his ruthless murders made him a dangerous man too. This specific case in Latin American history comes to show how economic â€Å"stability† does not always mean happiness and wealth. The Dominican Republic’s economy was stable, but all the wealth belonged to one man, Trujillo. A Nation’s wealth in the hands of one man only means that the Nation’s safety and life-force also rest in his hands. Works Cited Bosch, Juan. Trujillo: Causas de una tirania sin ejemplo. Caracas: n.p., 1961. de Besault, Lawrence. President Trujillo: His work and the Dominican Republic. Santiago: Editorial El Diario, 1941. Ferreras, Ramon. Trujillo : 20 aà ±os despues. N.p.: n.p., 1981. Roorda, Eric. The Dicator Next Door. London: Duke UP, 1998. Sagas, Ernesto. The Dominican People: A Documentary History. Princeton: Markus Weiner, 2003.

Principles of Democracy Essay

1. Bill of Rights This document explains guaranteed freedoms to all people in the country and gives limited power to the government. It protects the people from a government who try to abuse its power. 2. Economic Freedom Economic freedom allows some private ownership of property and businesses. People are allowed to choose their own work and to join labor union. 3. Equality Equality is having all individuals valued equally, have equal opportunities, and no discrimination of their race, religion, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation. All people are equal before the law and have equal protection of the law without discrimination. 4. Human Rights Movement: Everyone has the right to move within the borders of their country and to leave and return to his or her country. Religion: Everyone has the freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. The people can change their religion or not worship or hold religious beliefs. Speech: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. Assembly: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. 5. Multi-Party Systems A multi-party system allows for organized opposition to the party that wins the election. It provides the government with different viewpoints on issues and provides voters with a choice of candidates, parties, and policies. 6. Regular Free and Fair Elections Elected officials are chosen by the people in a free and fair manner. Regardless of the people’s race, gender, ethnicity, and level of wealth, most adult citizens should have the right to vote and to run for office. 7. The Rule of Law No one is above the law. Everyone must obey the law and will be held accountable if they violate it including a king, president, police officer, or member of the military.

The Typical Diet of Sea Otters

Sea otters live in the Pacific Ocean and are found in Russia, Alaska, Washington state and California. These furry marine mammals are one of only a few marine animals known  to use tools to obtain their food. A Sea Otters Diet Sea otters eat a wide variety of prey, including marine invertebrates such as echinoderms (sea stars and sea urchins), crustaceans (e.g., crabs), cephalopods (e.g., squid), bivalves  (clams, mussels, abalone), gastropods (snails), and chitons. How Do Sea Otters Eat? Sea otters obtain their food by diving. Using their webbed feet, which are well adapted for swimming, sea otters can dive more than 200 feet and stay underwater for up to 5 minutes. Sea otters can sense prey using their whiskers. They also use their agile front paws to find and grasp their prey. Sea otters are one of the only mammals  that are been known to use tools to obtain and eat their prey. They can use a rock to dislodge mollusks and urchins from the rocks where they are attached. Once at the surface, they often eat by placing the food on their stomachs, and then placing a rock on their stomachs and then smashing the prey on the rock to open it and get at the flesh inside. Prey Preferences Individual otters in an area seem to have different prey preferences.  A study in California found that among an otter population, different otters specialized in diving at different depths to find different prey items. There are deep-diving otters that eat benthic organisms such as urchins, crabs, and abalone, medium-diving otters that forage for clams and worms and others that feed at the surface on organisms such as snails. These dietary preferences may also make certain otters susceptible to disease. For example, sea otters eating snails in Monterey Bay appear more likely to contract Toxoplama gondii, a parasite found in cat feces. Storage Compartments Sea otters have loose skin and baggy pockets underneath their forelimbs. They can store extra food, and rocks used as tools, in these pockets. Impacts on the Ecosystem Sea otters have a high metabolic rate (that is, they use a high amount of energy) that is 2-3 times that of other mammals their size. Sea otters eat about 20-30% of their body weight each day. Otters weigh 35-90 pounds (males weigh more than females). So, a 50-pound otter would need to eat about 10-15 pounds of food per day. The food sea otters eat can impact the entire ecosystem in which they live. Sea otters have been found to play a pivotal role in the habitat and marine life that inhabit a kelp forest. In a kelp forest, sea urchins can graze on the kelp and eat their holdfasts, resulting in deforesting the kelp from an area. But if sea otters are abundant, they eat sea urchins and keep the urchin population in check, which allows kelp to flourish. This, in turn, provides shelter for sea otter pups and a variety of other marine life, including fish. This allows other marine, and even terrestrial animals, to have abundant amounts of prey. Sources: Estes, J.A., Smith, N.S., and J.F. Palmisano. 1978. Sea otter predation and community organization in the Western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Ecology 59(4):822-833.Johnson, C.K.,  Tinker, M.T., Estes, J.A., Conrad, P.A., Staedler, M., Miller, M.A., Jessup, D.A. and Mazet, J.A.K. 2009. Prey choice and habitat use drive sea otter pathogen exposure in a resource-limited coastal system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(7):2242-2247Laustsen, Paul. 2008. Alaskas Sea-Otter Decline Affects Health of Kelp Forests and Diet of Eagles. USGS.Newsome, S.D.,  M.T. Tinker, D.H. Monson, O.T. Oftedal, K. Ralls, M. Staedler, M.L. Fogel, and J.A. Estes.  2009. Using stable isotopes to investigate individual diet specialization in California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) Ecology 90: 961-974.Righthand, J. 2011. Otters: The Picky Eaters of the Pacific. Smithsonian Magazine.Sea Otters. Vancouver Aquarium.The Marine Mammal Center. Animal Classification: Sea Otter.

Sanity of the Narrator in The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar...

Sanity of the Narrator in The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe In Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart we question the sanity of the narrator almost immediately, but we cannot prove either way whether or not he is insane. I have read a lot of Poes work although not all of it. His mysterious style of writing greatly appeals to me. Poe has an uncanny talent for exposing our common nightmares and the hysteria lurking beneath our carefully structured lives. I believe, for the most part, that this is done through his use of setting and his narrative style. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the setting was used to portray a dark and gloomy picture of an old house lit only with lantern light with a possible madman lurking inside. I think this was†¦show more content†¦Without that initial statement, why would we think him mad? Then he says; Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. How does he know that madmen know nothing? I wrote in my own journal once; Insanity is not madness. Sanity is madness, if one can distinguish the differe nce between sanity and insanity, does that not then make you sane? So then, if the narrator questions our thoughts on his sanity, he must then know the difference or that there is a difference between sanity and insanity, does that not then create some question as to his own sanity? I think from the very beginning he questioned his own sanity to himself thereby creating the question of insanity to the reader! Isnt that insane? (ha ha) But was he insane? Insane is defined in Websters New Concise Dictionary as: Not Sane; mentally deranged or unsound. Set apart for demented persons. Not Whole. OK, well we still cannot prove that he was or was not insane. Was he a psychopath? Some would say yes, most definitely. But what is a psychopath? Psychopaths have a character type that enables them to pursue pleasure with indifference to the suffering they cause others. Psychopaths are completely lacking such virtues as benevolence and compassion. In this story, the narrator says; I loved the ol d man.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Insanity: The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1165 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe is a first-person narrative short story that showcases an enigmatic and veiled narrator. The storyteller makes us believe that he is in full control of his mind yet he is experiencing a disease that causes him over sensitivity of the senses. As we go through the story, we can find his fascination in proving his sanity. The narrator lives with an old man, who has a clouded, pale blue, vulture-like eye that makes him so helpless that he kills the old man. HeRead MoreEssay about â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† 1448 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe is a first-person narrative short story that features a disguised-cum-mysterious narrator. 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Essay on Comparing Christianity and Buddhism - 1675 Words

Comparing Christianity and Buddhism The task at hand is quite impossible, especially in a ten-page paper. I am about to compare two entire religions, that is two entire belief systems that certain individuals have devoted their entire lives towards; that generations have sought to follow, further, and protect with their lives. I will attempt to do this, but please bear in mind that my personal views will inevitably surface to a great degree and I will be prone to taking sides. I believe in fact that these two systems are poles apart and have very few similarities indeed. In this sense I am forced to conclude that they are hugely incompatible and that very few people will be able to accept both. In other words, a person who is†¦show more content†¦Indeed, though his personal suffering Christ has erased the sins of an entire civilization. Buddhists believe this is not possible and that only through personal effort can good be produced and bad reduced in the life of an individual. ‘We save ourselvesà ¢â‚¬â„¢ is the very much the message of Buddhism. In any case, Christians venture to say no one can be saved except through love for and faith in Christ. This appears egotistic and self-centered. Buddhists do assert that certain saintly and highly gifted people exist and can help us, such as the Buddha himself, yet they still maintain that personal salvation will only occur though one’s own individual effort. I would also contend that the profoundly judgmental Christian concepts of sin, guilt and shame have been psychologically damaging to the people who have come in contact with them. Christians also believe in such polarities as good and evil, God and Devil, Heaven and Hell -- none of which form an important part of any Buddhist teachings. 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Strategic Analysis of Argos UK Retail Company Free Essays

string(111) " any country whether it is a superpower with global reach or a small nation struggling to emerge from poverty\." 1.0 Introduction This study will review Argos Retailer UK, an organisation, which focuses on customer services as its differentiating factor in an increasingly competitive retail service sector. In the course of this study we explicate how the organisation’s marketing strategies align with its overall strategic objective. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis of Argos UK Retail Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the current climate of economic recession carrying in its wake a wave of unprecedented company failure the need for survival and excelling others has become ever more important. Therefore, organisations such as Argos will need to develop innovative strategies to lure customers who are not only reluctant to buy products but are becoming very savvy in their choice of such products. 1.1 Organisation Profile This study will focus on Argos UK Retail Company, which is one of the UK’s largest general merchandise retailing store. The company was founded in 1973 by Richard Tompkins and went into London stock exchange in 1990 after it had demerged from BAT industries. Argos Uk sells over 18,000 products in a week and services about 2.5million customers respectively. It has about 7000 stores in UK and 51,000 staff strength. Argos UK Retail Company is not part of a group, which includes Argos Business Solution. Argos Business Solution benefits from the scale of its combined buying and merchandising strategy. The retail brands provide the convenience of home shopping through different routes to market and services, Argos retail group includes Argos Limited, Homebase and Argos retail group financial services. The organisation deals on retail product that is group into two distinctive brands of products. These include Argos and Homebase. The Retail products are toys, jewellers, small domestic appliances, furniture sports and leisure equipment. It deals on consumer’s electronics and large domestic appliances, it also engages in retail services of Home improvement goods and garden related products. Argos is one of the larges stores in the world. This company is well known for its new stylish and innovative design of wide range of electronics. The organisation offers a wide range of well- designed, efficient, quality and good home domestic products at low prices that attract a wide range of customers to buy their products. The group as a whole had annual sales of over 32.4 billion pounds in the financial year ended in 2008. 1.2 Objectives of Argo This objectives is to develop Argos, a general framework for dynamically composing web services. Many scientific problems can be modelled as a workflow that includes information gathering and processing operations. We propose a unifying framework where these operations are modelled a web services and the scientific workflow as composition of web services. This objective is to use Argos in an metropolitan planning application, in consultation with an advisory team of government representatives, from the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, the San Bernardino Associated Governments, the Southern California Association of Governments and the Port of Long Beach. This objective is to extend the transportation planning domain to address problems of urban spatial structure that heretofore have not been practical for social science researchers to study due to the lack of tools integrating and analysing available data. 1.3 Definition of Globalisation. Globalisation is the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. Globalization also refers to the integration of economics and societies all over the world. Globalization involves technological, economic, political, and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation, and infrastructure and it refers to the rapid increase in the share of economic activity taking place across national boundaries. This goes beyond the international trade in goods and includes the way those goods are produced, the delivery and sale of services, and the movement of capital. The origin of the term Globalisation is often attributed to Marshall McLuhan’s concept of the ‘global village’. McLuhan (1962) observed that advances in electronic mass media were collapsing space and time barriers to enable people to communicate on a global scale. But this is just one aspect of globalization, albeit an important aspect of globalization, where the term ‘global village’ is used as a metaphor to describe the interconnectedness of the world through the internet and web. Other researchers attribute the globalization phenomenon to historical, social, political and technological changes, which have enabled the free flow of people, investment, products/services, information and knowledge across the globe. This has led to a fundamental shift in the world economy, where national economies are no longer isolated from each other by barriers to cross-border trade/investment; by distance, time zone, language and by national differences in government regulation, culture, and business system. National economies are merging into an interdependent global economic system.Globalisation in broad terms is the process of integration of countries and people politically, economically and culturally, into global communities. In the context of business, globalization is the phenomenon by which industries transform themselves from multi-national to global competitive structures. Multi-national companies have an international presence of some form or other, where global companies operate in the main markets of the world, and do so in an integrated and co-ordinate way. Globalisations is mush talked about in the media. Of course the term ‘globalisation’ is by no means the preserve of economists alone.indeed it has been approached from the perspective of at least four academic disciplines, within each of which it tend to take on different characteristics. Economists focus on the growth of international trade and the increase in international capital flows. Political scientists view globalization as a process that leads to the undermining of the nation state and emergence of new forms of governance Sociologists view globalization in terms of the rise a global culture and the Domination of the media by global companies International relations experts tend to focus on the emergence of global conflicts and global institutions Effects on National Economies Influence of International Institution Role and Responsibilities of the EU Membership. The national economy is the engine of growth for any country whether it is a superpower with global reach or a small nation struggling to emerge from poverty. You read "Strategic Analysis of Argos UK Retail Company" in category "Essay examples" Every citizen is a participant in the economy, as they work to create income for their families, pay taxes, spend their earnings of products and services, or draw from government programs, such as welfare or Social Security. And yet the workings of the economy remain a mystery to most, even as the demands on our economic resources increase. When one looks at the aftermath of the collapse of systematic soviet domination over politics and policy making in East Central Europe, one could be truly astounded at the amount of change that has occurred. Both the Czech Republic and Hungary are in the process of democratization while simultaneously integrating themselves into Western institutions. There is no question that the democratic transitions in Eastern Europe were spurred by the loosening of soviet control, and there affected by international influence. Democratic values, crucial to democratic consolidation, from outside could undermine other aspects of democracy, specifically plurality and rule of law. Democratic policies imposed from outside might amount to rule by law, if policies put in place by domestic elites due to international pressure, are not adequately debated, supported, enforced and implemented at the local level. A consolidated democracy requires the full rooting of democracy, which can be seen by policy debate and policy choice for citizens.(Plurality) it also requires the internalization of rules and procedures (rule of law) and the human rights.(Pridham and Lewis) it is widely accepted that international influence, whether directly or indirectly, but as it is generally diffuse and not quantifiable the nature of the relationship has not been fully explored. We believe that the conditions of Post-Communism provide a filter through which this specific influence can be assessed. These condition can be generally defined as the need to develop the market economy and financial institutions. This economic and social transformation and the desire to integrate remove socio- economic issues from the political landscape. The nature of post- Communist transition therefore provides a unique opportunity to assess the ability of international institutions to craft democracy from the outside and ‘assist’ democratic consolidation. My research considers plurality and dissemination of democratic values through looking at domestic and international influences on minority policy, central to democratic values, as well a looking at rule by considering how this policy is internalized and implemented and enforced at local level. This research, by isolating the international influences on aspects of democracy also has policy implications for wider European Democracy. International influence affects all democracies but its effects are difficult to distinguish from domestic influences in established democracies. Hopefully due to the prism that post-Communist environment provides (though it has unique characteristics, the international influences are universal), we will be able to ascertain what increasing international influence and democratic crafting means in wider context, beyond post-Communist transition. Over the past two decades the functions of international economic institutions have greatly expanded to include programmes and policies, which affect a wider range of people, groups, and organizations than before. Where previously people could hold their national governments to account for such policies, they must now look to international institutions where the decisions are being made. But to who are these institutions accountable and are they accountable to those whom they direct affectThis course work sets out to answer that question in respect of the International Monetary Fund(IMF), the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization(WTO). The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund(IMF)which are meant to assist governments in achieving development aims through the provision of loans and technical assistance. They have championed the trade liberalization policies mentioned above. Governments and these international institutions are in determining the outcome of globaliza tion. 1.4 EFFECTS OF EU MEMBERSHIP OF BRITAIN ON ARGOS Home Retail Group ,owner of Argos and Homebase, warned yesterday the weakness of the pound could push up prices of non-food good as sourcing costs for retailers rise by up to 10%. At the same time it predicted another year of sharp sales declines at its chains. Home Retail chief executive Terry Duddy said the group was planning for 2009 to be a â€Å"as difficult as 2008†, when profile fell 24% to ?32m. He said the weak pound would be a â€Å"headwind† for all non-food retailers, predicting cost inflation of up to 10% on foreign- made goods. More than half the group’s goods are made in china. â€Å"our main worry is the impact sterling may have on product pricing and therefore the impact it may have on consumer demand.† Despite some lower costs, such as shipping, down 60%,retailers, suppliers and consumers would have to share the pain: â€Å"we will raise prices where we can but at the same time maintain our price position.† Home Retail is cutting 1,300 head office and supply chain jobs. It has also cut shop workers’ hour and will open fewer new outlets this year. Despite these measures some analysts think profit could fall by the spending downturn, with half of Argos sales from consumer electronics and Homebase’s fortunes linked to the housing market, which remains frozen. Like–for-like sales were down 10.2% at Homebase and 4.8% at Argos in the year to February 28.Duddy predicted similar falls this year. Argos, Britain’s second larges consumer electronics retailer after Curry’s owner DSG International, said sales of discretionary items such as flat-screen TVs had slowed â€Å"substantially†. The underlying weakness of non-food retail may affect possible cash calls. DSG is thought to be assessing investors’ appetite for a ?300m rights issue and share placing that could come imminently. Home Retail fell to an operating loss of ?402m after writing down the value of Homebase by more than ?650m. The dramatic move is an admission it overpaid for the business, which it bought for ?950m in 2002. Profits at the chain were down nearly 70% at ?14.9m, compared begun to see Argos-home of ?4.69 kettles and ?15.59 DVD players- with new eyes. With a 19% decline at Argos to ?303.6m. Duddy said Homebase had held market share: â€Å"BQ has been quite vibrant {lately} but for five to six years Homebase was outperforming them.† Home Retail benefited from the collapse of rival retailers such as Woolworths and MFI last year. 2.0 Economies of Adopting Policies of Environmental Awareness Trying to promote an environmental message within a company as geographically and operationally diverse as Argos is a major challenge. My research evidence reveals that Argos are aiming to get the massage across to all members of staff that the work they do can have an impact on the environment, in which they live, work and play. They are developing training packages that are tailored to different audience to ensure that all employees, from senior management to operational quayside staff, are aware of the possible environmental implications of their actions. The development of Argos intranet is making the internal dissemination of information available to a much wider audience than traditional training methods. The Aim of Argos is for their staff to be as aware of environmental issues as they are of heath and safety matters and to consider the effects their actions might have, even if it is something as simple as switching-off lights in an unused office, or making sure that a computer printer is switched off over the weekend. Not only will this save energy, but it will also save money and they hope the good practice will be implemented beyond the work environment. As educators, the major objective should be to educate people to use plant resources sustainably through: promoting awareness among policy makers in the community providing training for botanic garden staff and selected group leaders in the community. promoting greater public awareness and motivation forenvironmental action. 2.1 Atmospheric Pollution Leading high street retailer Argos is trailing a new process for the waste arriving at its distribution centres from stores, with the of aim of further reducing the volumes going to landfill. Despite having an impressive record on waste, (Argos currently recycle over 80% of the rubbish produced, 9 of its distribution centres are ISO14001 accredited and a store- wide scheme has been introduced to reduce the waste amounts going to landfill)the new trial aims to tackle the remaining rubbish to further reduce volumes. Mark Jones, Distribution Project Manager said: â€Å"Our internal ‘Argos Cares’ scheme has proved very successful in reducing landfill waste from stores. This trial will drive this process further. The business is committed to reducing landfill waste to help the environment and reduce landfill costs as a result. If we can find a similar solution at other regional distribution centres we could potentially see cost savings in to the business of ?40,000 over twelve months.† The trial, which commenced in mid-January, will continue with two collections per week from Magna Park distribution centre. Argos expect to gain valuable feedback on the content of the compacted rubbish from the contractor, Cwikskip. This, in turn, will reinforce the need to further improve the waste segregation rates in the Argos stores. If the trial is successful Argos will seek to find similar solution at their other 8 distribution centres and elsewhere across Home Retail Group. 2.2 The hole in the ozone layer Cwikskip Waste Management Services are collecting the compacted loads from Magna Park twice a week and moving it to their material recycling facility (MRF) at nearby Rugby. Once there, the loads are then sorted to ensure that as much as 98% of the store and distribution centre waste generated will be recycled. The hole in the ozone layer A remote measuring system, which is based o the principle of differential absorption and diffusion lidar, is developed for detection of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. The ARGOS (Advanced Remote Gaseous Oxides Sensor) system uses differential absorption of light with different wavelengths: for that two short light pulses from pumped dye lasers are simultaneously sent in the atmosphere. A three component Doppler sodar is used for measuring wind direction and velocity. The system allows atmosphere backscattering coefficient to be estimated as a measure for spray and dust concentration in the air. The ozone layer in the stratosphere provides protection from harmful solar ultra-violet (UV)radiation. Manmade ozone depletion is caused by the mass use and emission of choro fluoro carbon (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substance (ODS). This has led to an increase in harmful ultraviolet radiation and the incidence of irradiation-induced skin cancer. Ozone depletion is estimated to be greatest over the western parts of Europe where chloroflurocarbons have been commonly used in refrigerators and aerosol propellants. In these same countries, other ODS have also been used extensively, for example as coolant, foam and cleaning agents. 2.3 Wastes Population growth, increasing urbanization, industrialization and rising standards of living have all contributed to an increase in the amount of waste generated in the EU countries. In 1995, the total amount of waste generated in Eu-15(excluding agricultural waste) was estimated to be 1.3 billion tones (or 3.5 tonnes per capital). These figures show a 10% increase in total waste production between 1990 and 1995. very shortly, annual waste levels will be approximating 2 billion tonnes, with gains from recycling measures outweighed by an increase in economic activity and total waste production (European Environment Agency, 1999). Countries are faced not only with massive volumes of waste but also with the challenges related to hazardous wastes materials. Each year, the Community generates around 40 million tonnes of Hazardous waste. Waste, which arise from virtually all- human activities, can be broadly classified with respect to their source. The major categories include ‘municipal waste’, industrial, agricultural, sewage and nuclear waste, levels for which are shown in Argos household and public wastes An efficient way to cut down the volume of waste is to reduce the use of packaging and to recycle paper, cardboard, plastic, aluminium tins, and glass. Levels of recycling in the member states range from 28% to 53% for paper and cardboard (EU average 49.6%) and between 20% and 76% for glass (European Parliament, 1999). These figures highlight extreme variations in performance between the member states. 2.4 Measure to improve heath and safety in the work place. In December 2005, a full safety management review was conducted and January 2006 the Argos and Homebase health and safety teams were merged together. The current team of 12 is led our Health and Safety Manager, who is also chair of the British Retail Consortium’s Risk and Safety Policy Action Group, which ensure we keep abreast of current thinking and in this area. A key aspect of the review was to develop an approach to health and safety that drew on best practice within Argos and Homebase, and to develop a system that was straightforward and simple for our colleagues to understand and use. We call this programme ‘Simple Safer’. we have taken a stepped approach to introducing this programme focusing our efforts on Argos first and then Homebase. Key attributes were consultation with our heath and safety champions, who were elected by employees at our location and whose role is to represent the view of colleagues at regular health and safety meetings and during the implementation of our simply safer programme. We have also rationalized the number of risk assessments performed by our colleagues. For example, in Homebase we reduced the number of different assessments types from 180 down to 30 integrated templates, which can be tailored to suit individual site circumstances. The feedback from our colleagues on the introduction of this new way of working has been very positive. In order to make our health and safety policy statement effective, we have established a health and safety management, control and support structure as a framework for activity that reaches every part of our Group. The Group HR Director is responsible for implementing the health and safety policy and has established and chairs a health and safety risk management group comprising senior management representative from all area of the business. The committee’s role is to keep under review the effective management of health and safety across the Group and to provide the executive directors with appropriate advice and guidance. The health and safety management group meets quarterly and minutes of the meeting are produced and circulated across the business. We recognize that different areas of our business need to be actively involved in health and safety management so to facilitate this we have set up a number of committees that report into the health and safety risk management gro up. All health and safety committee members are provided with information, attend update meetings and consult over health and safety issues. Each store or site manager is responsible for implementation of the Group’s health and safety arrangements in their own store or site. In addition, it is our intention that every store and distribution centre will have an appointed health and safety champion (currently in place across Homebase and underway in Argos). They are responsible for representing the employees and promoting health and safety agenda in their location. Each operation office and distribution centre also has a site health and safety committee chaired by an appropriate manager. We are currently in the process of rolling this into all stores and we expect this to be completed in 2007. We provide health and safety training to all our new colleagues, mainly through the induction process. Specific health and safety training is also provided for those individuals required to manage and supervise others. We regular monitor our health and safety performance across the business. For example, stores undertake and record regular assessments, including all relevant fire safety checks. They also conduct a periodic checklist and there are various other checks based on the risk assessments and accident/incident experience (e.g Ladder register fire alarm checks etc.) Every store conducts a formal self-audit on business critical issue, which are collated and reviewed by line managers. Any failure can lead to disciplinary action. In addition, the health and safety team regular audits stores. Action plans are produced for failing stores and the results are linked to bouses.The health and safety champions are also involved in reviewing these and conducting re-audits on stores in their area. We provide a bullying; harassment and stress help line, which gives employees access to trained counselors. In addition, all employees can be referred for face to face counseling through this service. 3.0 Responsibilities of organization to improving workforce welfare. AEGON today announced that an agreement has been signed to acquire a 49% interest in Seguros Argos S.A. de C.V.,a Mexican life insurance company specializing in the sale of life insurance to individuals through their employers (the worksite marketing channel),for an undisclosed sum. AEGON’s existing operations in Mexico include AEGON Direct Marketing Services, which works with insurance companies, banks and other financial institutions to provide direct marketing service. In addition, Transamerica Reinsurance(an AEGON company) is active in the life reinsurance market in Mexico. Executives started Argos in 2002 with a long tenure in Mexican insurance market. At the end of 2005 Argos had more than 420,000 policies in force and 1,266 million pesos (EUR 86.6 million ) in premium income. We welcome this opportunity to further expand into Mexico’s life insurance market with one of the country’s leading providers of individual life insurance and related saving and investment products,† said Don Sheppard, Chairman of AEGON’s Executive Board. This investment is consistence with AEGON’s strategy to expand into countries that offer long-term growth opportunity for the products and services we look forward to working with Argos to bu ild on their solid platform. Over time, as our client grew familiar with the translation services that Argos Translations offered, they began to request additional assistance in the medical device market.This occurred largely due to the fact that we were based in their targeted local market and thus could offer additional business support. Many of our clients not only needed their devices localized and their documents translated, but also needed to understand the regulatory issues connected with entering central and Eastern European markets. Argos Translations understood that by being able to offer a turnkey solution that would include assisting in market entry as well as taking care of the translation/localization process; we would provide our clients with unique additional benefits. As a result, Argos Translation joined forces with PMR Consulting, a local consultancy firm with the reliability and extensive experience that complemented Argos Translations services. The result of this collaboration is an offer of a complete solution for all medical device manufacturers interested in entering East European markets. This white paper has been commissioned by Argos Translation and is intended to provide investors with information about the basic devices. While some of the issues raised in this white paper may be common across other East European market it is important to note that each country has its own regulatory requirements and thus it is important not to draw any far-reaching conclusion about the region without consulting a local expert for advice. 3.1 Approaches to the management of diversity Fishing is an important industry, dependent on a natural resource. To protect stocks, satellite monitoring of fishing fleets has been made mandatory by certain governments. Such surveillance can guarantee that application regulations concerning authorized zones and quotas are enforced. The Argos Net solution development by CLS enables authorities to determine the position of fishing vessels, and to monitor fishing activity and catches. Indonesia, Peru, Europe, the United State, Korea, Chile, Taiwan and many other countries rely on CLS to monitor vessels flying their flags or operating in their waters. To improve security for shipping, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) requires all ships over 500 tonnes to be fitted with an onboard warning system (SSA-Ship Security Alert System). One of these systems, called Shiploc, is based on the Argos system and enabled ship owners to comply with IMO standards and monitor their fleet continually. In the event of an incident, the crew activates an alert button which automatically sends a signal to land. In the framework of an international agreement,Shiploc has joined forces with the anti-piracy centre at the International Maritime Bureau. The Argos system provides vital support for UN humanitarian programmes. Hundreds of transmitters have been installed throughout the world to verify distribution of resources, use of food rations, and a number of crucial parameters concerning the schooling of children. In the event of epidemics, Argos transmitters also inform authorities and humanitarian associations about the zones at risk and the number of individuals affected. 4.0 Conclusion This course work has examined the impact of globalization and EU integration of Britain on Argos Retail Group. Globalisation and Integration has brought wider benefits to many countries and organizations, but has equally resulted in challenges never before imagined. The management of Argos in the wider environment must evolve to take advantage of new emerging markets. Such management must be innovative in adopting new set of precepts and protocols that are robust to accept changes in market dichotomy and technology. Competition has increase as a direct result of globalization and European integration. There are new entrants and players in the retail market that can not only challenge Argos but also possible take away its business. Such threats must be anticipated and clearly articulated in advance there by setting the scene not only to embrace change but to also covert the threats into opportunities. There are also issues of legislation, which now spans across boundaries. The national regulatory environment, which hitherto determines the mode of operation, has now been expanded to wider legislative environment. The management of Argos will need to learn and implement new wider rules and regulations in order to survive. In conclusion, one must postulate that globalization creates new avenues of opportunities. Argos must take advantage of the opportunities whilst at the same find innovative ways of converting the threat of globalization and integration into advantages. Sadly, research shows that Argos has not fully embraced this concept although efforts are being made to effect the changes that must happen. 5.0 REFERENCES  ¦ European Environment Agency,(1999) Environment in theEuropean Union at the Turn of the Century EEA.  ¦ En (2006), wiktionary globalization, www.wiki.org.uk  ¦ European Parliament,(1999) Environment policy: general principles, European parliament Fact Sheets.  ¦ Marshall McLuhan’s, (1998) The Marshall McLuhan’s Center Global communications.  ¦ McLuhan’s (1996) Gutenberg Galaxy,the making of typographicman.  ¦ Pridham and Lewis, (2004) Stabilising Fragile Democracies:New Party System in Sounthern and Eastern Europe.  ¦ Welford,R. (1992) Corporate Environmental Management,Earthscan.  ¦ llLs, (2004) International Institute for Labour Studies, Globalisation and Employment. How to cite Strategic Analysis of Argos UK Retail Company, Essay examples